ERS for Slaughter Waste Processing
ERS for Slaughter waste processing
INDIAN MEAT INDUSTRY
- The livestock sector is an important component of Indian agriculture & India has a huge livestock population.
- Efficient utilisation of these resources including production and utilisation of livestock products is important to earn increased returns and sustain livestock production activities
- During the last three to four decades, India has witnessed the green, white, yellow and blue revolutions
- The time has come to realise one more revolution i.e. red/pink revolution in the form of meat production.
Demand for Indian Meat Industry
In fact, in spite of big potential because of large livestock population, the meat industry in India has not taken its due share
The present production of meat is estimated at 6.27 million tons in 2010 , which is 2.21% of the world’s meat production
The contribution of meat from buffalo is about 23.33%, while cattle contributes about 17.34%, sheep 4.61%, goat 9.36%, pig 5.31%, poultry 36.68% and other species 3.37%
The meat production has increased from 764,000 tonnes in 1970-71 to 6.27 million tons in 2010.
Per Capita Meat Consumption in India
Percentage increase in consumption of beef, pork and poultry by 2030 is estimated to be 51 percent, 160 percent, 844 percent respectively of that in 2000 (FAO 2011). Most of the slaughter houses in the country perform the killing and dressing of animals without an onsite rendering operations and are more than 50 years old.
Municipality Abattoirs for Domestic Meat Production
Indian meat industry involves trading live animals and slaughtering animals like buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry.
Domestic meat requirements is met by the Abattoirs but most of them lack basic amenities for hygienic slaughter and the proper utilization of byproducts profitably.
Maharashtra, has the maximum number of slaughterhouses – 316 followed by Uttar Pradesh (285) and Tamil Nadu (130). India has acquired number one status in the world, contributing 13 per cent (117 million tonnes) of the world’s total milk production, the meat production which jibes well with dairying is still lagging behind and is at fifth position (6.3 million tonnes).
Status of Slaughterhouse wastes in India – 2015
Slaughterhouses may have to secure environment clearances and adhere to strict pollution control norms, with the government planning to curb pollution at these places.
As per official data, there are around 4,000 legal and over 36,000 illegal slaughterhouses across the country. All major Indian cities have central slaughterhouses which are 50-70 years old and lack proper flooring, ventilation, water supply, lairage (holding pens) and transport.
At present, slaughterhouses are covered by rules prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). But their enforcement largely remains unsatisfactory.
Waste from slaughterhouses largely includes stomach and intestine contents of animals, dung, animal matter like meat trimmings and bones. Liquid waste like blood from animals, urine and internal fluids often gets mixed with water used to wash the place, leading to water pollution.
The total availability of offal/bones in the country generated from large slaughterhouses is estimated to be more than 21-lakh tonnes/annum.
ERS COMPOSTING of Solid wastes from Slaughterhouses
Slaughterhouses may have to secure environment clearances and adhere to strict pollution control norms, with the government planning to curb pollution at these places.
Slaughterhouse wastes constitute the inedible parts of animals derived from the production of meat, as well as blood and other animal byproducts. Inedible animal tissues (organs, integument, ligaments, tendons, blood vessels, feathers, bone) can comprise up to 45% or more of the slaughtered animal.
ERS High Speed Composting is an aerobic process by which organic materials are degraded through the activities of successive groups of microorganisms and the introduced, Indigenous Effective Microbes. Substrates can include different types of organic wastes such as sewage sludge, pig, cattle or poultry manure, Slaughter house wastes, garden waste and municipal solid waste. The positive effects of composts on arable soil have been reported all over.
The ERS High Speed Composting can potentially serve as an acceptable method of disposal of slaughterhouse wastes.
Sceince behind ERS’s High Speed Composting Technology
- It has been 2000 plus years that humans have been Composting.
- Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes account for most of the decomposition that takes place in a pile. Of all these organisms, aerobic bacteria present in decaying organic matter are the most important decomposers.
- Nutritionally diverse of all organisms the aerobic bacteria and can eat nearly anything. They are the preferred organisms, because they provide the most rapid and effective composting.
- They have difficulty escaping unfavorable environments due to their size and lack of complexity. Changes in oxygen, moisture, temperature, and acidity can make bacteria die or become inactive. Aerobic bacteria need oxygen levels greater than five percent.
- The ERS technology, by providing optimum environment for these aerobic bacteria to thrive in the bioreactor, achieves the desired results of composting any organic matter within 2 to 4 hrs.
- While the various types of bacteria are at work, other Effective Microbes (EM) present within the ERS chamber are also contributing to the degradation process. The EM’s are , a higher-form of bacteria which are responsible for the pleasant earthy smell of compost. They decompose some of the more resistant materials in the pile such as lignin, cellulose, starches, and proteins.
Effective Microbes (EM’s) behind ERS’s High Speed Composting Technology
The ERS Vacuum Fermentation System is a closed system, which enables fermentation and drying of the injected raw materials and at the same time, cultivates microorganisms continuously under a decompressed environment. This is an approach to a composting technology from knowledge slightly different than conventional composting processes. This processing method has every potential, and has sufficient applicability depending on the deployment.
Locally adapted micro-organisms will be formed by utilizing the Effective Microbes and Indigenous Microbes in the surrounding soil.
These Microbes are mixed with saw-dust to expand the culture in the chamber.
The Effective Microbes are selectively cultured by processing a Symbiotic Group of Microbes derived from indigenous microbes in the ERS system, which thereby resides inside the chamber continuously.
Three types of microbes are specified and deposited to International Depositary Authority for the purpose of patent procedure.
Named as Shimose1, Shimose2 and Shimose3, the first two are part of the new variant strain of the yeast, Saccharomyces in different medium and the last one being a bacteria being to closest relative of Staphylococcus.
Symbiotic Group of EFFECTIVE MICROBES in ERS Technology
The Effective Microbes are selectively cultured by processing a Symbiotic Group of Microbes derived from indigenous microbes in the ERS system, which thereby resides inside the chamber continuously.
These microbes are resistant to sodium, and no effect to the survivability and fecundity could be observed under sodium environment . This indicates a salinity tolerance to the concentration of the sodium which remains without decomposing while organic wastes are processed, which can be considered an important function that quickens the fermentation in the ERS system at the same time.
Pathogen free ERS Biocompost from Slaughterhouse waste
- Concerns exist as to whether composting processes can inactivate pathogens. In contrast, ERS is capable of the inactivation of almost all known microorganisms.
- ERS composting process is capable of the elimination of any health risk that may be present in the end product.
- The levels of pathogenic bacteria remaining at the end of the composting process are dependent on the temperatures reached and the time the temperature was maintained.
- If the goal is thermal inactivation of pathogens, it is particularly critical to obtain a high temperature within the whole material. In this aspect, heat generation and transport of heat are critical factors. The distribution of heat inside ERS on the materials is a complex process and is independent of moisture content of the material among other parameters.
- The temperatures reached inside the chamber of ERS during the decomposition process (up to 125˚ C) can kill and sterilize most pathogens, thus reducing the chance to spread disease.
ERS for producing various by-products from Slaughterhouse waste
Almost all the wastes of Slaughter house could be utilized for processing into valuable by-products. However, the reasons for not utilizing this option in India may be the unorganized manner of slaughter sector, inadequate quantity of materials, lack of markets, cost of processing etc. In such instances, the slaughter wastes simply form part of waste lot for which a common processing and disposal have to be considered.
ERS can also be utilized for the processing of
- Pet Feed
- Chicken feed, fish feed
from Slaughterhouse waste
